Ni kuki ibikoresho vy’urubuga bikoresha 25MHz n’ibice vyavyo nk’imirongo?

Ni kuki ibikoresho vy’urubuga bikoresha 25MHz n’ibice vyavyo nk’imirongo?

Mu bikoresho vy’uruja n’uruza nk’amakarata y’uruja n’uruza, ama switch, ama router, n’ibikoresho vya Ethernet, uguhitamwo incuro z’ivyuma vy’uruja n’uruza bigenwa n’ibikorwa nyamukuru vy’ico gikoresho, ibisabwa ku gice c’uruja n’uruza, n’ingingo mfatirwako z’imirongo ngenderwako y’itumanaho. Ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho vy’amabuye y’agaciro bifise incuro 25MHz n’ibice vyavyo vyinshi biterwa ahanini n’uko iyo nzira y’incuro ihuye cane n’ingingo mfatirwako za Ethernet, amategeko y’itumanaho, n’ubwubatsi bw’ibice, ivyo bikaba bituma habaho uguhingura kworoshe, kugabanya amafaranga, no gukora neza. Insobanuro irambuye iratangwa aha hepfo:

I. Kubera iki uhisemwo 25MHz nk’Ikigereranyo c’Ishingiro?

25MHz si agaciro katoranijwe mu buryo butari bwo. Ikoreshwa cane kuko ifise isano ry’umubare wose n’imirongo myinshi y’ishimikiro mu guhanahana amakuru ku rubuga, bikongera gukubita canke kugabanya incuro.

1.1 Ihuye n'ibisabwa ku ncuro zisanzwe za Ethernet

Ethernet yihuta (100BASE-TX): Ikoresha isaha ya 25MHz nk'incuro yo gutanga amakuru.

Ikoresha isaha ya 125MHz, ariyo 25MHz × 5.

10GbE (10 Gigabit Ethernet) n’ibindi: Naho incuro nyamukuru y’isaha iri hejuru (nk’akarorero, 156.25MHz), akenshi ishobora gukurwa mu kugwiza umuvuduko w’isaha w’amabuye y’agaciro 25MHz biciye ku PLL.

Ivyo vyerekana ko 25MHz, nk’incuro y’isaha y’ishimikiro, ishobora gushigikira mu buryo butaziguye canke butaziguye incuro z’ibikorwa vya PHY/MAC ku mivuduko ya Ethernet isanzwe.

II. Ugushira mu ngiro mu buryo bworoshe

2.1 Gukubita incuro vyoroshe biciye kuri PLL

Ivyuma vy'urubuga (nka PHY, MAC, n'ivyuma vy'umuyagankuba) akenshi bikoresha imirongo ya PLL (Phase Locked Loop) imbere kugira ngo bivemwo incuro z'isaha zikenewe. 25MHz ni incuro y'injiza iringaniye ishobora gutanga neza incuro z'umuvuduko munini-, nka:

MHz × 2=50MHz

MHz × 4=100MHz

MHz × 5=125MHz

MHz × 6.25=156.25MHz (ku 10GbE)

Kubera ko 25MHz ari incuro y'ishimikiro ifise yoroshe-ku-guharura incuro z'imibare mike, yorosha umugambi wa PLL, ishoboza gufunga vyihuta, kandi igatuma umusaruro udahinduka.

2.2 Ihuye n'ibisabwa vya Chip

Benshi mu bahinga b’ibikoresho vy’uruja n’uruza (nka Broadcom, Realtek, Marvell, Intel, n’ibindi) barashigikira mu buryo butomoye 25MHz mu bisabwa vy’isaha y’injiza y’ibikoresho vyabo vya PHY canke MAC, canke bagatanga uburyo bwo gukoresha 25MHz.

III. Inyungu muri EMC, uguhingura umurongo, n’igiciro

3.1 Ubugenzuzi bwiza bwa EMI n'ubutungane bw'ikimenyetso gikomeye

Ugereranije n’ibikoresho vy’amabuye y’agaciro bifise incuro nyinshi (nk’akarorero, 50MHz, 100MHz, 125MHz, 150MHz, na 200MHz), 25MHz itanga inyungu nyinshi mu bijanye n’uguhungabana kw’umuyagankuba (EMI):

Incuro y’ishimikiro iri hasi cane ituma habaho uguhuza kw’amajwi guke;

PCB routing yoroshe cane kwubahiriza ivyagezwe vy’imiterere ya EMI;

Ibisabwa vyo hasi ku bijanye n’inzitiro n’ubutungane bw’ububasha, bikorohereza ugushiramwo uburyo.

3.2 Ivyuma vy'amabuye y'agaciro bikomeye, bikomeye, kandi bifise igiciro-

25MHz crystal oscillators ni zimwe mu zikoreshwa cane mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none, zifise ivyiza bikurikira:

Ibintu vyinshi biri hanze-ivyo-bicuruzwa n'ubwoko bwinshi;

Ibiciro bito vyo gukora n’ibiciro vy’amasoko bishoboka;

Uruhererekane rw’ugutanga ibikoresho rukomeye rufise igihe gito co gutanga ibikoresho n’uburyo buhamye.

Ibi birakwegera cane abahinguzi b'ibikoresho vy'urubuga bakora ibikorwa vyinshi-.

IV. Akarorero k'ugushira mu ngiro mu guhingura

Gufata akarorero k'umurongo wa Ethernet wa Gigabit:

Igikoresho nyamukuru co kugenzura gisaba incuro y’ibikorwa vy’injiza 125MHz;

Mu guhingura, hashobora gukoreshwa umuvuduko w’amabuye y’agaciro w’amabuye y’agaciro 25MHz, kandi incuro zishobora kugwizwa kugera kuri 125MHz biciye ku PLL yubatswe muri iyo chip;

Hagati aho, isaha ya 25MHz ishobora gukwiragizwa ku bindi bice (nk’ibice vya PHY, MAC, canke ibice vyo guhuza isaha) biciye ku giti c’isaha;

Ivyo bituma habaho inkomoko y’isaha imwe, bikorosha ubuhinga bwo kwubaka isaha, kandi bikagabanya ukuntu ubuhinga butoroshe be n’amahera.

Icegeranyo

Impamvu zituma ibikoresho vy’uruja n’uruza bikoresha 25MHz n’ibiharuro vyayo nk’imirongo y’ibinyabuzima bishobora gusobanurwamwo mu ncamake gutya:

Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vy’uruja n’uruza (amakarata y’uruja n’uruza, ama switch, ama router, Ethernet). Uretse ibintu vy’inganda-grade, turatanga kandi ubushuhe bwinshi-ubushikamye bw’amabuye y’agaciro (-55~+125℃) kandi turashobora gutanga ibikorwa vy’amabuye y’agaciro n’imiti ihuye. Niba ufise ivyo ukeneye bibereye, ntutinye kuvugana n’abakozi ba Hangjing bajejwe kugurisha canke mu vy’ubuhinga.