Ingorane nyamukuru z'imishwarara-Ivyuma bikomeye vy'amabuye y'agaciro: Mu -Isesengura ry'uburebure bw'urugero rwose rw'iyon n'ingaruka z'ibintu bimwe -

Incamake: Ubudasa bw'ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro mu bidukikije vy'imishwarara

Nk'uko "umutima" w'ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none, ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none bihura n'ingorane zidasanzwe mu bidukikije vy'imishwarara myinshi-. Igihimba cavyo gifise amabuye y’agaciro yitwa piezoelectric crystals be n’imirongo y’umuyagankuba, ivyo bikaba bisubiza imishwarara biciye ku buryo butandukanye, mugabo izo nyishu zompi amaherezo zigaragara mu 1990.incuro gushikama, ikimenyetso nyamukuru c’ibikorwa. Ingaruka z'imishwarara ahanini zigabanywamwo ibice bibiri:ingaruka z'ingero yose y'iyoni (TID)ivyo bituma umuntu agenda arasenyuka buhorobuhoro, kandi .kimwe -ingaruka z'ivyabaye (REBA)ivyo bituma umuntu ananirwa bukwi na bukwi.

Igice ca 1: Ingaruka z'Idoze ryose ry'Ionize – "Ugukura Kudahera" kw'Ibikoresho vy'Ikibiriti

1.1 Ivyago vy'Ikibiriti ubwavyo

Ingaruka zose z'iyon zikomoka ku kwirundanira kw'inguvu mu gihe kirekire-gushikirwa n'imishwarara y'iyoni, bikaba bitera ubwoko bubiri bw'intango bw'ivyago ku bice vy'amabuye y'agaciro:

Ugutera imbere kw'uguhingura utunenge tw'uruzitiro

Imishwarara ituma habaho ivyago vy’uguhunga imbere mu gitereko, bigatuma atome ziva aho ziri

Inenge nk’ibibanza bitagiramwo ikintu n’utugingo ngengabuzima turi hagati y’ibihimba vy’umubiri birarundanywa uko igihe kigenda kirarenga .

Ivyo bihimba bihindura uburemere bw'ikibiriti n'ingaruka z'ugushirwako kw'uburemere

Ingaruka zitaziguye:guhinduka kw'incuro z'ijwikandiguhindura incuro -ubushuhe bugaragaza umurongo

Ukwirundanira kw'imishahara ku butaka no ku bihuza

Imishwarara y'iyon itanga umuriro udahinduka ku bice vy'amabuye y'agaciro no ku bice vy'amabuye y'agaciro

Ivyimburwa vy'umuyagankuba bihindura imibereho y'urubibi rw'uburebure bw'ikibiriti

Yongera ugutakaza kw'imipfunda y'amajwi n'ugushwiragira

Ingaruka zitaziguye:Kugabanya uburyo bwiza (agaciro ka Q)kandiUkwonona kw'urusaku rw'inzira

1.2 Ingaruka zitera imbere ku nzira z'uguhungabana

Ibice bikora n'ibidakora mu mirongo y'uguhungabana birasenyuka n'ukwirundanira kw'imiti:

Parameter Drift y'ibikoresho bikora

Uguhinduka gutunganye kw'umuriro w'imbere wa MOSFET, guhindura ahantu h'uguhungabana kw'umurongo w'uguhungabana

Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuyagankuba, bikajana ku kugabanya inyungu y'uruzitiro

Ingaruka zitaziguye:ingorane mu gutangura, Gugabanya uburemere bw'isohoka, kandiguhagarara kw'uguhungabana mu bihe bikomeye

Ukwongerekana kw'amazi asohoka

Oxide-ibirego bifise umutego bitera ukwiyongera kw'amazi asohoka mu mahuriro ya PN n'amarembo

Ukwiyongera gukomeye kw'inguvu zidahinduka zikoreshwa n'umuzunguruko

Kwongerekana kw'urusaku rw'ubushuhe n'ugusenyuka kw'ibikorwa vy'urusaku rw'inzira

Ingaruka zitaziguye:Gukoresha amashanyarazi birenze ibitegekanijwekandiuburebure bw'urusaku hasi

Impinduka mu mirongo y'ibisubizo

Imishwarara-ihinduka ry'ibipimo vy'umuzigo n'ibirwanya

Ihindura imibereho y'ihinduka ry'inzira y'umuvuduko

Ingaruka zitaziguye:incuro zo hagatikandiGugabanya urutonde rw'ibintu

Igice ca 2: Ingaruka y'Ikintu Kimwe-Igihe – "Igitero c'Umutima gitunguranye" c'Ibikoresho vy'Ikibiriti

2.1 Ingaruka zitaziguye ku bice vy'amabuye y'agaciro

Ivyonona bivuye ku kwimuka kw'igihe gito

Igipande kimwe c'inguvu nyinshi- (iyoni iremereye canke protoni y'inguvu nyinshi-) cinjira mu kirisitalo

Irema ivyago vy'uruzitiro ku nzira y'ibice

Bitera amahinduka y'imihangayiko y'igihe gito

Ingaruka zitaziguye:gusimbuka incuro ako kanya, bishobora gukira igice inyuma y’aho .

Ingaruka zo gushiramwo umuriro

Ibintu bitera umuriro imbere muri iyo kirisitalo, bikagira umuyagankuba w'igihe gito

Ihinduwe mu mibabaro y'ubuhinga bw'igihe gito biciye ku ngaruka z'umuyagankuba

Ingaruka zitaziguye:gusimbukakandiUkwonona gukomeye kw'igihe gito-ugushikama kw'incuro

2.2 Guhungabanya ako kanya n'imirongo y'uguhungabana

Ikintu kimwe-Igihe gica (SET) mu mirongo y'imirongo

Ivyiyumviro vy'inguvu nyinshi -bitera umurongo w'ivyuma bitera ijwi canke umurongo w'ivyuma bitera ijwi ku ntumbero y'ivyuma bitera ijwi

Gutanga umuriro w'igihe gito ku mirongo y'umuyagankuba canke ku mirongo y'ikimenyetso

Ubwaguke bw'impumuro buva ku masegonda mirongo gushika ku masegonda menshi

Ingaruka zitaziguye:

Ivyiyumviro bitari vyo vy'aho nyene ku buryo bw'umuvuduko w'isohoka

Guhagarika bukwi na bukwi kw'ububandanya bw'inzira

Igice gishoboka-uruzitiro rufunze (PLL) gutakaza uruzitiro canke isaha y'uguhuza

Ikintu kimwe -Ivyabaye bibabaje (SEU) mu nzira y'ubugenzuzi

Bit flipping ibaho mu bice vy'ubugenzuzi bwa digitale (nk'akarorero, incuro zo gutunganya amajambo, uburyo bwo kugenzura amajambo)

Imiterere y'imiterere yahinduwe ataco yiteze

Ingaruka zitaziguye:

Incuro z'isohoka zisimbira ku gaciro katabereye

Guhindura uburyo bwo gukoresha bidasanzwe

Bishobora gusaba gusubira gutunganya kugira ngo usubire gukora

Inkurikizi mbi z'Ivyabaye bimwe -Ivyabaye (SEL)

Ivyumba vya PNPN vy'ibikoko biravyurwa, bikagira inzira nini y'ubu

Ubu rero buraduga cane (bushobora kurenga incuro 100 z'agaciro gasanzwe)

Ingaruka zitaziguye:

Kudakora neza kw'umuzunguruko

Uguhunga kw'ubushuhe gushobora gutuma umuntu yononekara ubudasiba

Gukoresha inguvu ni ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu akire

Igice ca 3: Ingamba zidasanzwe zo gukingira ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro

3.1 Ingingo zidasanzwe zo kurwanya ingaruka z'imiti yose y'iyon

Guhitamwo neza ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro

Gufata imishwarara-amabuye y'agaciro akomeye: nk'akarorero, SC-ibuye ry'agaciro ryerekana ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhangana n'imishwarara kurusha AT-ibuye ry'agaciro ry'agaciro

Ubuhinga budasanzwe bwo gutunganya: gukoresha ivyuma vy’amazi n’ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya utunenge tw’intango tw’amabuye y’agaciro

Gushakashaka ibikoresho bishasha: ibikoresho bindi nk’ivyo bita lithium niobate phosphate (LNB) vyerekana ko bikora neza cane mu mirongo imwimwe y’incuro .

Igishushanyo c'umuzunguruko gikomeye

Koresha ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'imishwarara -imirongo ikomeye

Guhingura imirongo y'ibice bitari vyo kugira ngo bisubize ubwavyo uguhungabana kw'umuriro

Gushira mu ngiro umugambi wo kwihanganira kugira ngo ubone ko ibikorwa bigenda neza mu rutonde rw'ibipimo

Injizamwo ukugenzura ukuvuza ubu n'imirongo y'indishi

Gutunganya neza imiterere

Gutegura neza ububiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishobora guterwa n'imishwarara

Kunoza ubuhinga bw'ama electrode n'uburyo bwo kuyahuza kugira ngo ugabanye ukwirundanira kw'amashanyarazi hagati y'amaso

Gushirako ibintu bidasanzwe kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka mbi ku ruhande

3.2 Inyishu zidasanzwe z'ingaruka z'ikintu kimwe -

Ubwubatsi-Urugero rw'Uburinzi

Gushira mu ngiro ukuyungurura n'imirongo y'imirongo mu nzira zikomeye z'imirongo

Kwemera ibice bitatu vy'inyuma (TMR) no gusubiza ubuzima bushasha ku bice vy'ubugenzuzi bwa digitale

Gutegura uburyo bwo kumenya no gusubirana vyihuse

Koresha amakosa yo kumenya no gukosora (EDAC) kugira ngo ukinge amakuru y'imiterere

Gutunganya neza imiterere y'imiterere

Yongerako impeta z'uburinzi zikikuje utugingo ngengabuzima

Kwemera imiterere rusangi-centroid kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka z'uruzitiro

Kunoza imirongo y'ugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kugira ngo ugabanye ubushobozi bwo gufunga

Koresha ubunini bw'ibikoresho binini kuri transistors zihambaye kugira ngo wongere umuriro uhambaye

Ingamba zo kugabanya urugero rwa sisitemu-

Guhingura ubwubatsi bw'ibikoresho vyinshi -bifasha guhinduranya

Gushira mu ngiro igihe nyaco-ugukurikirana incuro n'ugutahura ibidasanzwe

Gutegura ubuhinga bwo kumenya no gusubiza inyuma ingaruka z'igihe gito

Gutegura kuri-ingene ingamba zo kubungabunga inzira, harimwo gusubiramwo amaparametere no gusubizaho amakosa

3.3 Ibisabwa bidasanzwe vyo kugerageza no kwemeza

Uburyo bwo kugerageza imishwarara y'ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro

Gukurikirana igihe kirekire-ugushikama kw'incuro: gusuzuma imigenderanire y'ugusenyuka munsi y'ingaruka z'imiti yose y'iyon

Igihe nyaco -ingero y'urusaku rw'inzira: kumenya ibiranga ingaruka z'igihe gito

Mu -igerageza ry'umuco: kwigana ingaruka nyazo z'ingaruka z'ikintu kimwe -

Igerageza ry'ubuzima ryihuse: gutegekanya igihe kirekire-ukwizigirwa

Ivyagezwe vy'ingenzi vyibanze mu kugerageza

Ubucuti buri hagati y'incuro n'ingero yose y'iyonizing

Impinduka ibiranga urusaku rw'inzira

Gusenyuka kw'igihe co gutangura n'igihe co guhagarara

Ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga ubutungane bw'umuvuduko w'isohoka

Insozero: Ubuhinga bwo gucungera uburinganire n'ugutuma ibintu bigenda neza

Gukomera kw'imishwarara y'ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro ni ubuhinga busaba guhindura-ku rwego rwinshi:

Uburinganire hagati y'ibikoresho n'imigenderanire

Ubucuruzi-kuva hagati y'ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imishwarara y'ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro n'ugushikama kw'incuro

Uburinganire hagati y'urugero rwo gukomera kw'imigenderanire y'ibikoresho bifata umuriro n'ugukoresha ubushobozi n'umuvuduko

Ubucuruzi-mu guhingura umuzunguruko

Uburinganire hagati y'ugutera imbere kw'ukwizigirwa kuva ku kurinda ivy'ugusubira inyuma no kwongerekana kw'ibintu bigoranye n'ugukoresha amashanyarazi

Ubucuruzi- hagati y'inkomezi z'ingero zo kurinda n'ibiciro n'ubunini

Gutuma ubuhinga bw'ubwubatsi bugenda neza

Igishushanyo c'ubufatanye c'uburinzi bw'urugero rwinshi -

Ivyuma -porogaramu yunze ubumwe n'amakosa-ingamba zo kwihanganira

Ugushiramwo ugukurikirana kuri interineti n'uguhindura bihuye n'ivyo

Mu mpera, umugambi w’imishwarara-ukomeye w’ikibiriti ushingiye ku gutahura neza ibidukikije vy’ikoreshwa, hamwe n’ukwiyumvira neza ubushobozi, ukwizigirwa, n’igiciro. Hamwe n’ugutegura ibikoresho bishasha, uburyo buteye imbere, n’ubuhinga bwo gusubiza inyuma, ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho vy’amabuye y’agaciro mu bidukikije vy’imishwarara ikaze cane buzorushirizaho gutera imbere, bizotanga umushinge w’igihe ukomeye cane ku bikorwa vy’ukwizigirwa vyinshi nk’ugutohoza mu kirere n’ugukoresha inguvu z’imishwarara.

Iryo sesangura ry'intumbero n'ingene ingamba zo kurinda zituma "ugutera kw'umutima" kw'urwo rutonde kuguma guhagaze neza kandi kwizigirwa no mu bidukikije bikomeye cane vy'imishwarara.