I. Intangamarara
Crystal Oscillator (yitwa XO) ni kimwe mu bintu bihambaye cane mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Mu mirongo ya server, XO irafise uruhara rw'"ikimenyetso c'igihe", itanga ibimenyetso vy'isaha bishikamye kandi bitagiramwo amahinyu ku mirongo yose. Kubera ukwaguka kw’ibipimo vy’ibibanza vy’amakuru n’ugusaba kwizigirwa gukomeye n’ubushobozi bwinshi, uruhara rwa XOs mu ma server rwaciye rurushiriza kuba uruhambaye.
II. Ivyiyumviro vy'ishimikiro vy'ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro
XO akenshi ikoresha ikibiriti ca quartz, gifise ingaruka z’umuyagankuba kandi gishobora gutuma haba uguhungabana kw’ubuhinga iyo hakoreshejwe umuriro. Mu guhindura ukunyiganyiga kw’ivyuma mu kimenyetso c’umuyagankuba gifise incuro zidahinduka cane biciye ku nzira y’umurongo, ikimenyetso c’isaha gikenewe n’urwo rutonde kirahinguranywa. Incuro za XO mu bisanzwe ziva ku mirongo myinshi ya kHz gushika ku majana menshi ya MHz.
III. Ibikoresho vy'ingenzi vy'ibikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro mu maserukira
Isaha y'uruvyaro
Server zisaba ibimenyetso vyinshi vy’isaha ku motherboard kugira ngo zihuze ibikorwa vy’ibice vyinshi nk’ibikoresho, ububiko, amabisi ya PCIe, n’ibikoresho bigenzura urubuga. XOs zitanga ibimenyetso vy’isaha vyinshi vy’imirongo itandukanye biciye mu nzira za PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) kugira ngo habeho uguhuza hagati y’ibice bitandukanye.
Gukorana n'ibindi bikoresho
CPUs na chipsets bisaba incuro z'ishingiro zidahinduka kugira ngo amakuru ahindurwe vyihuta cane-. XOs zitanga ibimenyetso vy’isaha y’ingenzi kuri ivyo bice, kandi ugushikama kw’incuro kuragira ico gukoze ku mikorere y’umuhinga n’uguhuza kw’amakuru.
Isaha y'itumanaho ry'urubuga
Ikarata y'urubuga rwa server (NICs) akenshi isaba guhuza igihe c'ukuri, cane cane mu bikorwa nk'ugucuruza incuro nyinshi-n'uguhuza amakuru. XOs zitanga amasaha y'ubuhinga buhanitse-ku rwego rw'urubuga PHY na MAC, kandi ni ibice nyamukuru vyo gushika ku guhuza neza urubuga.
Igenzura ry'ububiko n'ubutungane bw'amakuru
Ububiko butoya nk’abagenzuzi ba RAID n’abagenzuzi ba NVMe bishingiye ku bimenyetso vy’isaha vy’ukuri kugira ngo amakuru ashobore gutegurwa no gukosora amakosa. XOs z'uburemere bwinshi-zishobora gutuma uburyo bwo kubika n'ubutungane bw'amakuru bugenda neza.
Igihe catanzwe guhuza
Mu nyubakwa z’ubuhinga bwa none zisanzwe (nka HPC, amabarabara y’ubudandaji y’incuro nyinshi-), PTP (Igihe c’Ubutungane) canke NTP (Igihe c’Irezo) ni vyo bikoreshwa mu guhuza igihe. XOs zikomeye cane- (nk'akarorero, OCXO) zikora nk'ibimenyetso vy'igihe co mu karere, zifasha kugabanya igihe co guhinduka no kunoza ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa muri rusangi bw'urutonde.
IV. Ibisabwa vy'ingenzi
Igihe ukoresha XOs mu bidukikije vya server, ibi bikurikira bikwiye kwibandako:
|
Incuro (MHz/kHz) |
Incuro Urutonde |
Ibikorwa bisanzwe |
Insobanuro/Ivyiyumviro |
|
32.768 KHz |
Isaha y'incuro nto - |
RTC (Isaha y'Igihe Nyayo-) |
Ikoreshwa mu kubungabunga umwanya iyo sisitemu iri ku rwego rwo gutegerezwa |
|
12/24/48 MHz |
Incuro rusangi zo kugenzura |
Umugenzuzi wa USB, umugenzuzi yinjijwe, n'ibindi. |
Ibisanzwe mu guhanahana amakuru |
|
14.318 MHz |
Incuro z'inyandiko za kera |
Isaha ya BIOS, isaha zimwe zimwe za kera |
Buhoro buhoro vyarakurwaho mu bikoresho vya none |
|
25 MHz |
Igisobanuro XO |
Urubuga PHY, SATA, USB, umuyagankuba w'isaha |
Incuro rusangi cane |
|
100 MHz |
Igikoresho c'urubaho rwa nyina |
CPU BCLK, isaha ya PCIe, injiza ya PLL |
Inkomoko y'isaha rusangi |
|
125 MHz |
Incuro z'urubuga |
Eterene ya gigabiti |
SerDes canke isaha y'ishingiro ya PHY |
|
156.250 MHz |
Incuro z'urubuga rwihuta - |
10G/25G/40G/100G Ibikoresho vya Ethernet |
Isaha ya SerDes, isanzwe mu bikoresho vy'umuvuduko munini- |
|
200 MHz |
Incuro z'Ivyiyumviro |
DDR3/DDR4 umugenzuzi |
Incuro nyazo za DDR ni agaciro inyuma y'ugukubita kw'incuro |
|
312.5 / 625 MHz |
Incuro za SerDes |
Urubuga rw'umuvuduko munini -, PCIe PHY |
Isaha yo guhanahana amakuru y'uruhererekane |
|
400-800 MHz |
Isaha y'ishingiro ya DDR5 |
Uburyo bwo kwibuka DDR5 |
DDR5 ifise incuro nyinshi kandi ibisabwa ku masaha |
|
2.5-{1}} GHz |
Incuro nyamukuru ya CPU |
Igikoresho gikomeye |
Ivuye muri BCLK (nk’akarorero, 100 MHz) inyuma y’ugukubita incuro |
VI. Iciyumviro
Naho XO ari igice gitoyi gusa muri server, uruhara rwaco ni uruhambaye cane. Yaba ari ugutunganya amakuru, uguhanahana amakuru ku rubuga canke uguhuza umwanya, ibimenyetso vy’isaha bishikamye kandi vyizewe ni vyo bishingiyeko ugukora kwa sisitemu. Kubera ko ubuhinga bwa server buguma butera imbere, ibisabwa kugira ngo aba XO bakore neza na vyo nyene biriko biragwira. Guhitamwo umuti mwiza wa XO ni kimwe mu bifasha kumenya ko ubuhinga bwa server bukora neza igihe kirekire-.
Hangjing yatanze umubare munini w’abaguzi mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa server, n’ubutunzi bwa XO buhuye n’imiti, kandi ishobora gutanga ubufasha buhuye n’ubuhinga.